Pneumonia, A Major Threat: 300,000 Cases Annually in Turkey

MEDİCENTER TV / ISTANBUL, TURKEY — Nov. 12, 2025

Known as pneumonia, this inflammation of the lung tissue is one of the most common infections globally and in Turkey, where it remains a leading cause of death. Approximately 300,000 people are diagnosed with pneumonia every year in Turkey. According to 2023 Ministry of Health data, pneumonia remains among the top 10 causes of death.

Prof. Dr. Reha Baran, a Pulmonary Specialist at Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, warns that pneumonia, which becomes more prevalent as people spend more time indoors during autumn and winter, can be extremely serious and lethal, particularly in the elderly and those with chronic diseases.

"The drop in oxygen levels in the body due to the infection affects all organs. This can lead to kidney, heart, and liver failure in addition to lung damage. These organs are much more easily damaged, especially in individuals over 65 and those with chronic diseases."

Prof. Dr. Reha Baran emphasizes that protection against pneumonia is vital. The most effective prevention method, he says, is for those over 65 and/or those with underlying chronic diseases to receive the annual flu vaccine and the one-time pneumonia vaccine.

Rapid Spread in Indoor Environments

The incidence of pneumonia increases significantly during cooler months due to the increased prevalence of respiratory viruses like influenza, RSV, and coronavirus, which weaken the lungs' defenses and allow bacteria to settle. Spending extended periods in crowded, enclosed spaces facilitates the rapid spread of microorganisms transmitted via droplets.

Subtle Cough and Fever May Be Early Signs

Pneumonia can start like a simple cold and rapidly become severe. Onset is usually marked by a fever of 38-40°C (100.4-104°F), chills, and a cough that starts dry and later becomes productive (yellow, green, or rust-colored sputum). Chest pain upon breathing, fatigue, and shortness of breath during mild exercise are other common symptoms.

Prof. Dr. Reha Baran stresses the life-saving importance of consulting a physician during this period, warning, "Even a mild cough and fever can be an early sign of pneumonia in individuals within the high-risk group." Early diagnosis can stop the infection from spreading throughout the lungs, preventing complications like respiratory failure and sepsis, and significantly reducing the risk of death, especially in the elderly.

8 Critical Rules for Pneumonia Prevention

1. Get your pneumonia and flu vaccines.

2. Quit smoking and alcohol completely.

3. Make it a habit to wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 2 minutes.

4. Avoid crowded indoor environments; if necessary, use a mask.

5. Avoid close contact with sick individuals.

6. To strengthen the immune system: Eat a balanced diet (rich in protein and Vitamin C), get adequate sleep, exercise regularly, manage stress, and regularly monitor any chronic conditions.

7. Aerate your room three times a day for 15 minutes each time. Also, be mindful of avoiding environments with very low humidity.

8. Breathe through your nose in cold weather. The nose warms and humidifies cold air before it reaches the lungs.

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