Beware of the Insulin Resistance and Obesity Vicious Cycle!

Beware of the Insulin Resistance and Obesity Vicious Cycle!"

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Diabetes on the Rise: A Global Concern

Diabetes is a rapidly growing health issue, particularly in developing countries, and Turkey leads Europe in its prevalence. Approximately 14% of Turkey's adult population is diagnosed with diabetes, a figure that has doubled over the past 20 years. Ahead of World Diabetes Day on November 14, Prof. Dr. İbrahim Şahin, from Memorial Şişli Hospital's Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department, highlights the critical role of insulin resistance in diabetes development.

Genetics Play a Role in Insulin Resistance

Diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or ineffective insulin use. Insulin resistance occurs when cells in the muscles, fat, and liver do not respond well to insulin, making it difficult for these cells to absorb glucose from the blood. Factors such as age, weight, diet, physical activity, and genetics determine the severity of insulin resistance, which affects about 25% of adults.

Insulin Resistance: The Gateway to Diabetes

When insulin resistance occurs, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin, often leading to weight gain in the early stages. Over time, this excess insulin production exhausts the pancreas, reducing insulin reserves and paving the way for prediabetes and eventually Type 2 diabetes. According to studies, 50% of prediabetic individuals develop diabetes within 10-12 years, and over 80% progress to diabetes within 20 years.

The Vicious Cycle of Insulin Resistance and Obesity

Excess fat tissue is the most significant risk factor for insulin resistance. This creates a vicious cycle: insulin resistance promotes obesity, and obesity exacerbates insulin resistance. While genetics cannot be altered, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and regular exercise, can reduce the likelihood of developing insulin resistance and diabetes.

Rising Risk Among Children

Childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and Type 2 diabetes in younger populations. Prof. Şahin emphasizes the benefits of a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and healthy fats like olive oil. Moderation in red meat consumption and inclusion of fish and dairy products are also recommended. Regular physical activity, stress management, adequate sleep, and avoiding smoking and alcohol are essential preventive measures.

Type 2 Diabetes: A Silent Threat

Type 2 diabetes progresses slowly and often without symptoms in its early stages. By the time symptoms like frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision appear, the condition may already be advanced. Regular blood sugar monitoring is crucial, especially for high-risk groups.

Who is at Risk?

1. Family history of diabetes
2. Prediabetic individuals
3. Obesity patients
4. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
5. Women who delivered large babies
6. Individuals with high cholesterol or hypertension
7. Sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits
8. Urban dwellers

World Diabetes Day: Raising Awareness

On World Diabetes Day, Memorial Şişli Hospital hosted a special event titled "Diabetes + Obesity = Diabesity," led by Prof. Dr. İbrahim Şahin. Experts in endocrinology and metabolic surgery shared the latest advancements in diabetes treatments, emerging medications, and the role of obesity in diabetes progression.

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